NPV Calculator — Calculadora Online Grátis
Net Present Value of a series of cash flows with IRR comparison and investment decision signal
Sobre Esta Calculadora
Net Present Value (NPV) is the fundamental tool for investment decision-making: it converts all future cash flows to today's dollars using a discount rate, then subtracts the initial investment. A positive NPV means the investment creates value; a negative NPV means it destroys value at the given discount rate.
Example: a machine costs $80,000 today and generates $25,000 in annual savings for 5 years, after which it has no salvage value. With a discount rate of 10%, the NPV is: - Year 1: $25,000 / 1.10 = $22,727 - Year 2: $25,000 / 1.21 = $20,661 - Year 3: $25,000 / 1.331 = $18,783 - Year 4: $25,000 / 1.464 = $17,075 - Year 5: $25,000 / 1.611 = $15,521 - Sum of PVs: $94,767 − $80,000 = **NPV +$14,767**
The machine creates value. If the discount rate were 20%, NPV falls to −$2,283 — the investment is not worthwhile at that required return.
The discount rate selection is crucial and often contested: corporate finance typically uses WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital), which blends the cost of debt (post-tax) and equity (estimated via CAPM). Personal investors use their expected alternative investment return. The "hurdle rate" above which a project is approved is a management decision that drives capital allocation.
This calculator also shows IRR (Internal Rate of Return) alongside NPV — the two metrics together confirm investment viability more robustly than either alone.
Fórmula
NPV = Σ [CFt / (1 + r)^t] - Initial Investment Positive NPV = value-creating investment
Dicas
- NPV > 0 means the investment creates value. NPV < 0 means it destroys value at the given discount rate.